LAST BENCH: September 2014

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A standard for short-distance, low-data-rate communications using the frequencies and physical and data layers of the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY specification. Created and maintained by the ZIGBEE Alliance Group.

GATE books

List of Important Books
for GATE
GATE stands for
Graduate Aptitude Test
in Engineering and is
intact the best entrance-
exam for getting entry
into M.Tech courses.

For Electronic and
Communication
Engineering, important
books are as follows :

Engineering
Mathematics for GATE-
GATE Engineering
Mathematics, by Kanodia
Analog Circuit
Integrated Electronics-
Millman and Halkies
Microelectronics
Circuits with solution
Manual - Sedra & Smith
Electronic Devices and
Circuit Theory - Robert L
Bovlestad
Electromagnetic Theory
Engineering
Electromagnetics -
William Havt
Communications
Communication System-
Simon Hawkins
Principle of
Communication System
- Taub & Schillings

For the Engineering
Mathematics
Higher Engineering
Mathematics- Dr. B. S.
Grewal.
Advanced Engineering
Mathematics- Erwin
Kreyszig.
GATE Engineering
Mathematics- Kanodia.
For your CORE Subjects
Electrical Machines -J.B
Gupta
Signal and Systems-
Simon Haykin
Control System Engg-
Nagrath and Gopal
Electric Circuits and
Fields -N.C Jagan
Electrical and Electronic
Measurements -
A.K.Sawhney
Power Electronics-
R.S.Bimbhra
Electrical and Electronic
Measurements - R.P.Jain

GATE (CS ) Books
Best books for GATE
Computer Science are-
Mathematical Logic:
Discrete Mathematics by
Tremblay Manohar,
Probability , statistics and
queuing theory " by
S.C.Gupta & V.K.Kapoor
Graph Theory: Narsingh
Deo
Linear Algebra: Higher
Engineering Mathematics
by B.S. Grewal
Numerical Methods: S.S.
Sastry
Formal Language and
Automata Theor y:
Formal Languages and
Automata theory",
J.D.Ullman etal
Analysis of Algorithms
and Computational
Complexity : Introduction
to algorithms" - Cormen
etal " Computer
Algorithms" - Horowitz
and Sahani
Digital Logic: " Digital
Logic circuits and Design "
by Morris Mano
Computer Organization:
" Computer Organisation
" by Morris Mano
Some Other Important
books-
" Multiple choice
questions " - Timothy . J .
Williams, TMH
publications
Sponsored Ads
"Gate Question Papers"
- G.K.Publishers
GATE (Mechanical
Engineering) Books
Engineering
Thermodynamics : PK
Nag
IC Engine: ML Mathur
and RP Sharma
Gas Turbine and
Propulsive Systems: PR
Khajuria & SP Dubey
Fluid Mechanics: Modi &
Seth, RK Bansal
Compressible Flow: SM
Yahya
Heat and Mass
Transfer : JP Hollman, RC
Sachdeva
Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning : CP Arora,
Domkundwar
Fluid Machinery: Jagdish
Lal, RK Bansal
Theory of Machines: RS
Khurmi, Malik & Ghosh
Mechanical Vibration :
Grover
Machine Design: Shigley,
VB Bhandari
Material Science: WD
Callister, IP Singh
Production Engineering:
Kalpkjian Schmid,
Amitabh Ghosh & AK
Malik
Industrial Engineering:
O P Khanna, Buffa &
Sarin
Operations Research:
Kanti Swarup
Strength of Materials:
Gere & Timoshenko, BC
unamia, Sadhu Singh

History of Microsoft Office

History of
Microsoft Office applications
1983
After the release of Multi-Tool
Word the first version of
Microsoft Word 1.0 for MS-
DOS was released.
1985
Microsoft Word 1.0 and
Microsoft Excel for the Mac and
also Word 2.0 for MS-DOS are
released.
1986
Microsoft Word 3.0 for the Mac
and Word 3.0 for MS-DOS are
released.
1987
Microsoft buys Forethought,
the original company behind
PowerPoint.
1988
Microsoft launches PowerPoint
2.0 for the Mac.
1989
Office 1.0 for the Mac is
launched It includes Word 4.0,
Excel 2.2 and PowerPoint 2.01.
1990
PowerPoint 2.0 for Windows is
announced. Office 1.0 for
Windows is available and
includes Excel 2.0, Word 2.1
and PowerPoint 2.0.
1991
Microsoft announced the
availability of Microsoft Excel
for Windows 3.0.
1992
Office 3.0 for Windows is
available and includes Microsoft
PowerPoint 3.0 in combination
with Microsoft Word for
Windows 2.0 and Microsoft
Excel 4.0.
1993
Office 4.0 for Windows ships
with updated versions of Excel
and Word.
1994
Office 4.3 Professional for
Windows is available, featuring
Access 2.0.
1995
Office 95 is the first complete
package of 32-bit applications
available for Windows 95.
1996
Exchange Server 4.0 is released.
This is the original version of
Exchange Server and was
introduced as an upgrade from
Microsoft Mail.
1997
Microsoft Outlook 97 and
Exchange Server 5.0 are
available.
1998
Office 98 the Mac Edition
includes Word 98, Excel 98,
PowerPoint 98 and Outlook
Express.
1999
Access 2000 and Microsoft
Office 2000 are launched.
2000
Exchange 2000 Server is
released.
2001
Microsoft Office SharePoint
Portal Server 2001 and
Microsoft Office XP are
released.
2003
Microsoft launches Office 2003,
with Microsoft Office SharePoint
Portal Server 2003. Microsoft
Office OneNote and InfoPath
have been added the Office
line-up. Exchange Server 2003 is
released.
2005
Microsoft buys Groove.
2006
Exchange Server 2007 is
released.
2007
Microsoft Office 2007 is
released, including Office
SharePoint Server 2007.
2008
Microsoft announced the
worldwide availability of Office
Live Workspace beta.
2009
Live@edu services become
known as Outlook Live while
Exchange 2010 and Office 2010
are launched respectively as
Beta and Technical Preview.

Central Government Exams

UPSC EXAMINATION

1. CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION

2. INDIAN STATISTICAL SERVICE

EXAMINATION

3. INDIAN FOREST SERVICE

EXAMINATION

4. COMBINED ENGINEERING

SERVICES EXAMINATION

5. GEOLOGISTS EXAMINATION

6. SPECIAL CLASS RAILWAY

APPRENTICES EXAMINATION

7. NATIONAL DEFENCE

ACADEMY EXAMINATION

8. COMBINED DEFENCE

SERVICES EXAMINATION

9. COMBINED MEDICAL

SERVICES EXAMINATION

SSC EXAMINATION :

GRADUATE LEVEL COMBINED

EXAMINATION-PRELIMINARY

EXAMINATION

GRADUATE LEVEL COMBINED

EXAMINATION-MAIN

EXAMINATION (GROUP A)

GRADUATE LEVEL COMBINED

EXAMINATION-MAIN

EXAMINATION (GROUP B)

MATRIC LEVEL COMBINED

EXAMINATION-PRELIMINARY

EXAMINATION

SUB-INSPECTOR (EXECUTIVE) IN

DELHI POLICE EXAM

MATRIC LEVEL COMBINED

EXAMINATION-MAIN

EXAMINATION

INVESTIGATORS EXAMINATION

TRANSMISSION EXECUTIVE

EXAMINATION

SENIOR OBSERVERS

EXAMINATION

HINDI TRANSLATORS

EXAMINATION

INFORMATION ASSISTANTS

EXAMINATION

INSPECTOR-NARCOTICS

DEFENCE EXAMINATIONS :

IAF EDUCATION INSTRUCTOR

IAF PILOTS

IAF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

INDIAN NAVY SSC OFFICERS

INDIAN NAVY MUSICIAN SAILOR

(NMER)

INDIAN NAVY (HYDROGRAPHIC

CADRE)

INDIAN NAVY AIR TRAFFIC

CONTROL OFFICERS

ARMY DENTAL CORPS

ARMY EDUCATION CORPS-

HAVILDAR EDUCATION IN

GROUP 'X' AND 'Y' EXAM.

ARMY COMMISSIONED

OFFICERS (LAW)

ARMY SSC (TECHNICAL)

ARMY 10+2 (PCM) TECHNICAL

RAILWAY EXAMINATIONS

TECHNICAL AND NON-

TECHNICAL CADRE

EXAMINATIONS

RPF SUB-INSPECTORS/

CONSTABLES EXAM AND RPSF

CONSTABLES

VOCATIONAL COURSE IN

"RAILWAY COMMERCIAL"

INSTITUTE OF RAIL TRANSPORT

(DIPLOMA COURSES)

POLICE/SECURITY

EXAMINATIONS

CENTRAL RESERVE POLICE

FORCE

INTELLIGENCE BUREAU ACIO

(WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY)

INTELLIGENCE BUREAU JUNIOR

INTELLIGENCE OFFICER

INTELLIGENCE BUREAU

ASSISTANT GRADE

CISF INSPECTOR AND SUB-

INSPECTORS (FIRE WING)

EXAMINATION

CISF CONSTABLE (GENERAL

DUTY)

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER

OF POLICE, DELHI

DELHI POLICE CONSTABLE

Best to follow-Part 3

51
The Centre for Industrial
Consultancy and Sponsored
Research, Indian Institute of
Technology Madras, Chennai
(IITM/ICSR)
http://www.iitm.ac.in/icsr52
The Combat Vehicles Res. &
Dev. Estt. Avadi, Chennai
(CVRDE)
http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/ CVRDE/English/index.jsp? pg=contact.jsp53
The Defence Accounts
Department, DRDL, Hyderabad
http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/ DRDL/English/index.jsp? pg=homebody.jsp54
The Development of Rural
Development and Panchayat
Raj, Chennai (DRD&PR)
http://www.tnrd.gov.in/55
The European Union
Collaboration, Switzerland
http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/ en/home/topics/eu/eu/ misbr.html56
The International Advanced
Research Centre for Powder
Metallurgy and New Materials,
Hyderabad (ARCI)
http://www.arci.res.in/57
The Aeronautical Development
Establishment, Bangalore(ADE)
58
The Defence Research &
Development Establishment,
Gwalior.(DRDE)
http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/ DRDE/English/index.jsp? pg=homebody.jsp59
The Department of Space,
Bangalore (DOS)
http://dos.gov.in/60
The Gesellschaft Fuer Techische
Zusammenarbeit, GOI, New
Delhi.(GTY)
61
The Indian Institute of
Technology, Chennai,NTRO (IIT)
62
The Indian National Centre for
Ocean Information Services,
Hyderabad (INCOIS)
http://www.incois.gov.in/Incois/ incois1024/index/index.jsp? res=102463
The Institute of Hydraulics &
hydrology, Poondi.
64
The Inter-University Accelerator,
GOI, New Delhi.(IUAC)
http://www.iuac.res.in/65
The Ministry of Environment and
Forests, New Delhi(MoEF)
http://envfor.nic.in/66
The Ministry of Human Resource
Development, New Delhi
(MHRD)
http://mhrd.gov.in/67
The National Aerospace
Laboratory, Bangalore.(NAL)
http://www.nal.res.in/68
The National Initiative on
Climate Resilient Agriculture,
Hyderabad.
http://www.nicra-icar.in/ nicrarevised/69
The National Institute of Ocean
Technology (NIOT), Velachery,
Chennai
http://www.niot.res.in/index.php70
The National Medicinal Plants
Board, GOI, New Delhi.(NMPB)
http://www.nmpb.nic.in/71
The Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation Ltd., Chennai
(ONGC)
http://www.ongcindia.com/wps/ wcm/connect/ongcindia/home/72
The Research Centre Imarat,
Hyderabad.(RCI)
http://rcilab.drdo.in/73
The Space Applications Centre,
GOI, Ahmedabad.(SAC)
http://www.sac.gov.in/sacwebi/sacHomePage.iface
74
The Tamil Virtual University,
Chennai(TVU)
http://www.tamilvu.org/75
The Tamilnadu Forest
Development, Chennai(TNFD)
http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ notice.html76
The Tamilnadu Pollution Contol
Board, Govt. of Tamilnadu.
(TNPCB)
http://www.tnpcb.gov.in/77
The Tata Steel Limited,
Jamshedpur
http://www.tatasteel.com/78
University Grants Commission
(UGC)
http://www.ugc.ac.in/

Best to follow-Part 2

26Indian Space researchorganizationhttp://www.isro.org/27Indira Gandhi Centre for AtomicResearch (IGCAR)http://www.igcar.ernet.in/28Indo - South Asia ResearchFundinghttp://www.southasianist.info/ india/sfunding.html29Indo-US Rsearch Fellowship forIndian Researchershttp://www.indousstf.org/ fellowship.htm30Intel Public Affairs InternationalContributionhttp://www.intel.com/ pressroom/contacts/usa.htm31International Centre for GeneticEngineering and Biotechnologyhttp://www.icgeb.org/home.html32M/S Chennai PetroleumCorporation Ltd.(CPCL)http://www.cpcl.co.in/business% 20major%20projects.htm33M/s VATech Wabag Ltd.,http://www.wabag.com/34Ministry of Coal &Mineshttp://www.coal.nic.in/35Ministry of Earth Science, GOI,New Delhi(MOES).http://dod.nic.in/36Ministry of Environment &Forestshttp://envfor.nic.in/37Ministry of Food ProcessingIndustries (MFPI)http://mofpi.nic.in/38Ministry of New and RenewableEnergyhttp://www.mnre.gov.in/39Ministry of Power, CentralPower Research Institute (CPRI)http://www.cpri.in/40Ministry of Social Justice&Empowerment (MOSJE)http://socialjustice.nic.in/41Ministry of Water Resourceshttp://wrmin.nic.in/42National Board for higherMathematics (NBHM)http://www.nbhm.dae.gov.in/43Naval Research Boardhttp://www.nrbdrdo.res.in/44Oil Industry Development Board(OIDB)http://oidb.gov.in/45Petroleum ConservationResearch Association (PCRA)http://www.pcra.org/46Royal Society of UKhttp://royalsociety.org/47Shastri Indo-Canadian Institutehttp://www.sici.org/home/48Solutions for EnvironmentalContrasts in Coastal Areas(SECOA)http://www.projectsecoa.eu/49Tamilnadu State Council forScience &Technologyhttp://www.tanscst.nic.in/50Tata Institute of FundamentalResearchhttp://www.tifr.res.in/index.php/ en/

Best to follow Part 1

Top 25

Advance Technology Research

Laboratories, Japan(ATRL)

http://www.idemitsu.com/

products/research/

advanced.html

Aeronautical Development

Agency

http://www.ada.gov.in/

Aeronautical Research

&Development Board

http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/boards/

ardb/index.htm

All India Council for Technical

Education (AICTE)

http://www.aicte-india.org/

Army Technology Board

Atomic Energy Regulatory Board

(AERB)

http://www.aerb.gov.in/

Australia-India Strategic

Research Fund

https://grants.innovation.gov.au/

AISRF/Pages/Home.aspx

Board of Research in Nuclear

Sciences (BRNS)

http://www.barc.gov.in/brns/

ysra.html

British Council Division, New

Delhi

http://www.britishcouncil.in/

Building Materials & Technology

Promotion Council, New Delhi

(BMTPC)

http://www.bmtpc.org/

Commissioner of Horticulture

and Plantation Crops, Chepauk,

Chennai(CHPC)

http://www.tn.gov.in/telephone/

hod/hodPage134.html

Council of Scientific and

Industrial Research (CSIR)

http://www.csir.res.in/home.asp

Defense Research&

Development Organisation

(DRDO)

http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/

index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsp

Department of Atomic Energy

http://dae.nic.in/

Department of Biotechnology

http://dbtindia.nic.in/index.asp

Department of Environment &

Forests, Government of India

(DEF)

http://envfor.nic.in/

Department of Information

Technology

http://deity.gov.in/

Department of Ocean

Development (DOD)

http://dod.nic.in/

Department of Science &

Technology

http://www.dst.gov.in/

Department of Scientific and

Industrial Research (DSIR)

http://www.dsir.gov.in/

Department of Space,

Ahemedabad & Bangalore(DOS)

Euroindia - ICT Cooperation

Initiative

http://ercim-news.ercim.eu/

en74/joint-ercim-actions/euro-

india-ict-cooperation-initiative

Hewlett-Packard Equipment

Grants

http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-

information/social-innovation/

social-responsibility.html#

.UVSVkBdOTqU

IBM India Research Lab (IBM

IRL)

http://www-07.ibm.com/in/

research/

Indian Council of Medical

Research (ICMR)

http://www.icmr.nic.in/

What is???????

10GbE

10-Gigabit Ethernet

Third-generation mobile telephone protocols that support higher data rates, for non-voice communications such as multimedia and Internet access.

3GPP
Third Generation Partnership Project, a collaboration of cell phone technology standards bodies. www.3gpp.org/ .

802.11
IEEE standard that specifies medium-access and physical-layer specifications for 1Mbps and 2Mbps wireless connectivity between
fixed, portable, and moving stations within a local area.

802.11a
The IEEE standard that governs the
deployment of 5GHz OFDM systems. It specifies the implementation of the physical layer for wireless UNII b.

802.11b
An international IEEE standard for WLAN networks, operating at 2.4GHz and providing a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps.

802.11g
A proposed standard that describes a wireless networking method for a WLAN that operates in the 2.4GHz radio band (ISM: Industrial
Scientific Medical frequency band). It transfers data at up to 54Mbps.

A-Weighting
A-weighting is a standard weighting curve applied to audio measurements, designed to
reflect the response of the human ear. Sound-pressure levels derived using A- weighting are denoted by "dBA," or A- weighted dB levels.

A/D Converter
Analog to digital. Specifically: A/D converter, a circuit that converts analog signals into a
stream of digital data.

Do you have some more to add please add yours in comment here

Advantages of spread spectrum

SPread spectrum has the following
advantages :
1. No crosstalk interference.
2. Better voice quality/data integrity and less
static noise.
3. Lowered susceptibility to multipath fading.
4. Inherent security.
5. Co-existence.
6. Longer operating distances.
7. Hard to detect.
8. Hard to intercept or demodulate.
9. Harder to jam than narrow bands.
10. Use of ranging and radar.

Tell me about yourself-best answers

1. “I can summarize who I am in
three words.” Grabs their attention
immediately. Demonstrates your
ability to be concise, creative and
compelling.
2. “The quotation I live my life by
is…” Proves that personal
development is an essential part of
your growth plan. Also shows your
ability to motivate yourself.
3. “My personal philosophy is…”
Companies hire athletes – not
shortstops. This line indicates your
position as a thinker, not just an
employee.
4. “People who know me best say
that I’m…” This response offers
insight into your own level of self-
awareness.
5. “Well, I googled myself this
morning, and here’s what I
found…” Tech-savvy, fun, cool
people would say this. Unexpected
and memorable.
6. “My passion is…” People don’t
care what you do – people care
who you are. And what you’re
passionate about is who you are.
Plus, passion unearths
enthusiasm.
7. “When I was seven years old, I
always wanted to be…” An answer
like this shows that you’ve been
preparing for this job your whole
life, not just the night before.
8. “If Hollywood made a move about
my life, it would be called…”
Engaging, interesting and
entertaining.
9. “Can I show you, instead of tell
you?” Then, pull something out of
your pocket that represents who
you are. Who could resist this
answer? Who could forget this
answer?
10. “The compliment people give me
most frequently is…” Almost like a
testimonial, this response also
indicates self-awareness and
openness to feedback.

Definions an ECE engineer should know

GPU – Graphics Processing Unit
USB – Universal Serial Bus
CPU – Central Processing Unit
SATA – Serial ATA
ATA - AT Attachment (AT Attachment
Packet Interface (ATAPI)
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTML – Hyper-text Markup Language
P2P - peer to peer
FTP – File Transfer Protocol

Advantages Of CDMA

Advantages of CDMa are as follows :
1. Frequency diversity : Transmission is spread out over a large bandwidth due to that less affected by noise. If bandwidth is increased S/N ratio increases, which means noise will be reduced.
2. Multiplication Resistance : Chipping codesused for CDMA not only exhibit low correlationbut also low autocorrelation. Hence a version
of the signal that is delayed by more than onechip interval does not interfere with dominant signal as in other multipath environments.
3. Privacy : Due to spread spectrum is obtained by the use of noise like signals, where each user has a unique code, so privacy is inherent.
4. Graceful Degradation. In CDMA, more users access the system simultaneously as compared to FDMa, TDMA.

Define Electronics

AC
Alternating current. Consists of a periodic oscillation between two different voltages. Usually said to look like a sine wave, but is not always.

AM
Amplitude modulation. In radio
communications, a signal controls the amplitude of a carrier wave that is at a much higher, constant frequency. The carrier wave is filtered out and a loudspeaker plays
based on the amplitude of the signal.

Ampere (A)
The SI unit for current I. (Commonly spoken as "amps", "milliamps", etc.) The ampere is officially defined as that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel
conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed one meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2×10 -7
newton per meter of length. There is another definition which is based on the deposition rate of silver ( in electrolysis? ), which is much easier to measure. The other electronics units are derived units based on
the ampere definition.

Amplify
To increase the strength of the signal. Often an "amplifier" is used to pass a signal with both an increase or a decrease in gain.

Anode
An electron collector. Means up the path from a negative to a positive voltage. An anode has a more positive voltage relative to a cathode.

Attenuate
Decrease the strength of a signal.

Band-Pass Filter
An analog filter that absorbs low and high frequencies (f ) but allows a band of frequencies in the middle to pass through.

BJT
Bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor in which the resistance of the channel is controlled by a current at the gate. Can be thought of as a current-controlled resistor.

FET is the other major type of transistor.

Capacitor
An electronics component that stores energy in the form of electric charge (static electricity). It resists a sudden change in voltage.

Cathode
An electron emitter. A cathode has a more negative voltage relative to some other place.

GPRS

GPRS services are defined to fall in one of the
two categories :
- PTP ( Point to point)
- PTM ( Point to Multipoint)
Some of the GPRS services are not likely to be provided by network operators during early deployment of GPRS due in part to the phased
development of standard. Market demand is another factor affecting the decision of operators regarding which services to offer first.

Handover??

What is handover and what are its types?
Handover in mobile communication refers to
the process of transferring a call from one
network cell to another without breaking the
call.
There are two types of handover which are as
follows :
Hard Handoff : hard handoff is the process in
which the cell connection is disconnected from
the previous cell before it is made with the
new one.
Soft Handoff : It is the process in which a new
connection is established first before
disconnecting the old one. It is thus more
efficient and smart.

What is ionospheric bending?

When a radio wave travels into the
ionospheric layer it experiences refraction due
to difference in density. The density of
ionospheric layer is rarer than the layer below
which causes the radio wave to be bent away
from the normal. Also the radio wave
experiences a force from the ions in the
ionospheric layer. If incident at the correct
angle the radio wave is completely reflected
back to the inner atmosphere due to total
internal reflection. This phenomenon is called
ionospheric reflection and is used in mobile
communication for radio wave propagation
also known as ionospheric bending of radio
waves.

Frequency Reuse

The whole of the geographical area is divided into hexagonal shape geometrical area called
cell and each cell having its own transceiver. Each BTS (cell site) allocated different band of
frequency or different channel. Each BTS antenna is designed in such a way that i cover cell area in which it is placed with frequency
allotted without interfering other cell signals. The design process of selecting and allocating
channel groups for all of the cellular base station within system is called frequency reuse.

CDMA

What is CDMA?

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access which uses digital format. In CDMA systems several transmissions via the radio
interface take place simultaneously on the same frequency bandwidth. User data is combined at the transmitter’s side with a
code, then transmitted. On air, all
transmission get mixed. At the receiver's side the same code is used as in the transmitter’s side. The code helps the receiver to filter the
user information of the transmitter from incoming mixture of all transmissions on the
same frequency band and same time.

What about ECE

Modern society relies heavily on
communicating information through mobile
phones, TVs, radios, telecommunications and
wireless networks. Electronic and
communication engineers are a crucial part of
meeting this demand.
We will learn fundamental electronic
engineering along with specialist
communications topics such as optical and
radio-frequency engineering, digital signal
processing, network protocols/technologies
and the design and optimisation of networks.
Students study a very wide range of real world
communication systems, including fibre-optic
communications, cellular mobile systems such
as UMTS (3G) and LTE (4G), digital terrestrial
and satellite broadcast systems (e.g. DAB,
Freeview and Sky) and a range of wired and
wireless internet technologies such as WiFi,
Ethernet, ADSL and WiMAX.

Anything left add your comments below...........

WIFI

Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections. A common
misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity ," however this is not the
case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means IEEE 802.11x .
The Wi-Fi Alliance

The Wi-Fi Alliance , the organization that owns the Wi-Fi registered trademark term specifically defines Wi-Fi as any " wireless
local area network ( WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' ( IEEE) 802.11 standards. "
Initially, Wi-Fi was used in place of only the 2.4GHz 802.11b standard, however the Wi-Fi
Alliance has expanded the generic use of the Wi-Fi term to include any type of network or
WLAN product based on any of the 802.11 standards , including 802.11b , 802.11a , dual- band, and so on, in an attempt to stop
confusion about wireless LAN interoperability

What is Bluetooth??

Bluetooth.
Bluetooth is designed to be a personal area
network, where participating entities are
mobile and require sporadic communication
with others. It is omni directional i.e. it does
not have line of sight limitation like infra red
does. Ericsson started the work on Bluetooth
and named it after the Danish king Harold
Biuetooth. Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz
area of spectrum and provides a range of 10
metres. It offers transfer speeds of around 720
Kbps.

ANTENNAS

What are different categories of antenna and
give an example of each?

1. Wire Antennas - Short Dipole Antenna
2. Microstrip Antennas - Rectangular
Microstrip (Patch) Antennas
3. Reflector Antennas - Corner Reflector
4. Travelling Wave Antennas - Helical
Antennas
5. Aperture Antennas - Slot Antenna
6. Other Antennas - NFC Antennas

What is Electronics

the branch of physics and technology
concerned with the design of circuits
using transistors and microchips, and with the behaviour and movement of
electrons in a semiconductor,
conductor, vacuum, or gas

What is the main difference between trigger and clock pulses ?

What is the main difference between
trigger and clock pulses ?
Answer1
in level trigger mode, the input signal is
sampled when the clock signal is either
high or low whereas in edge trigger mode
the input signal is sampled at rising or at
the falling edge.
lever triggering is sensitive to glitches
whereas edge trigger is non sensitive..
example : latch for level trigger and flip-
flop for edge trigger

Basic ECE

Difference between electronic and
electrical. Electronics work on DC and with a voltage range of -48vDC to +48vDC. If the electronic device is plugged into a standard wall outlet, there will be a transformer inside which will convert the AC voltage you are supplying to the required DC voltage needed by the device.

Examples: Computer, radio, T.V,
etc...

Electric devices use line voltage (120vAC,240vAC, etc...). Electric devices can also be designed to operate on DC sources, but will be at DC voltages above 48v.

Examples: are incandescent lights,
heaters, fridge, stove, etc...

What is the first step to score GATE

1.get the syllabus

Collect the syllabus for your stream from GATE official web site and go through it

Waht and Why GATE 2015

The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an all-India examination that primarily tests the comprehensive understanding of various undergraduate subjects in engineering and science. GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science and seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Guwahati, IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras and IIT Roorkee) on behalf of the National Coordination Board – GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), Government of India.

The GATE score of a candidate reflects the relative performance level of a candidate. The score is used for admissions to various post-graduate programs (e.g. Master of Engineering, Master of Technology, Doctor of Philosophy) in Indian higher education institutes, with financial assistance provided by MHRD and other government agencies. Recently, GATE scores are also being used by several Indian public sector undertakings (i.e., government-owned companies) for recruiting graduate engineers in entry-level positions. It is one of the most competitive examinations in India.

Year and Organizing Institute

Each year's GATE is organised by any one of 8 institutes: IISc and 7 IITs. The overall co-ordination and responsibility of conducting GATE lies with this institute, which is designated as the Organizing Institute (OI) for GATE of that year. GATE coaching institutes often make speculations regarding the topics to focus upon depending upon the institute that is the OI of that year.

Year	Organizing Institute
GATE 2015	IIT Kanpur
GATE 2014	IIT Kharagpur
GATE 2013	IIT Bombay
GATE 2012	IIT Delhi
GATE 2011	IIT Madras
GATE 2010	IIT Guwahati
GATE 2009	IIT Roorkee
GATE 2008	IISc Bangalore
GATE 2007	IIT Kanpur
GATE 2006	IIT Kharagpur
GATE 2005	IIT Bombay
GATE 2004	IIT Delhi
GATE 2003	IIT Madras
GATE 2002	IISc Bangalore
GATE 2001	IIT Kanpur
GATE 2000	IIT Kharagpur
GATE 1999	IIT Bombay
GATE 1998	IIT Delhi
GATE 1997	IIT Madras
GATE 1996	IISc Bangalore
GATE 1995	IIT Kanpur
GATE 1994	IIT Kharagpur
GATE 1993	IIT Bombay
GATE 1992	IIT Delhi
GATE 1991	IIT Madras
GATE 1990	IISc Bangalore
GATE 1989	IIT Kanpur
GATE 1988	IIT Kharagpur
GATE 1987	IIT Bombay
GATE 1986	IIT Delhi
GATE 1985	IIT Madras
GATE 1984	IISc Bangalore

GATE ECE 2015

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Year and Organizing Institute